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支撐新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展 高端裝備引擎作用顯現(xiàn)

發(fā)展高端裝備制造業(yè)意義重大,它將成為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要支撐。高端裝備制造業(yè)是技術(shù)密集、附加值高、帶動作用強的產(chǎn)業(yè),是產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的核心環(huán)節(jié)和發(fā)展引擎,是裝備制造業(yè)的高端部分。作為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),高端裝備制造既要符合上述的特征,又要符合戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的內(nèi)涵要求,“是以重大技術(shù)突破和重大發(fā)展需求為基礎,對經(jīng)濟社會全局和長遠發(fā)展具有重大引領(lǐng)帶動作用,成長潛力巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)”。——屈賢明

  國務院近日審議通過的《國務院關(guān)于加快培育和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的決定》,把高端裝備制造列為重點發(fā)展的七大戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。此前,今年初的政府工作報告曾提到,要大力發(fā)展高端制造產(chǎn)業(yè)。

  雖然從“高端制造產(chǎn)業(yè)”變成“高端裝備制造”僅有兩字之差,但意義非凡。機械科學研究總院原副院長屈賢明日前接受本報專訪時表示,將高端裝備制造列為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),足以見得國家對裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展的重視。這對機械行業(yè),特別是裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展振興意義重大。

  引領(lǐng)“十二五”時期裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展

  屈賢明表示,世界金融危機爆發(fā)后,各主要國家紛紛做出戰(zhàn)略部署,大力發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),以搶占發(fā)展制高點。但這些國家提出的戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),都未提及高端裝備制造業(yè)。事實上,裝備制造業(yè)作為“為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和國防建設提供技術(shù)裝備”的基礎性產(chǎn)業(yè),是各行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、技術(shù)進步的重要保障,是國家綜合實力和技術(shù)水平的集中體現(xiàn)。因此,發(fā)展高端裝備制造業(yè)對促進國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展具有重要意義。屈賢明指出,目前,我國制造業(yè)的發(fā)展大部分還停留在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端,以生產(chǎn)低附加值產(chǎn)品為主。前端研發(fā)設計與后端的銷售環(huán)節(jié)都受制于人。這不利于裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大。發(fā)展高端裝備制造業(yè)就是要改變這一格局,提高我國制造業(yè)的國際競爭力。將高端裝備制造列為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),對裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展意義重大。

  首先,它對鼓勵裝備制造行業(yè)向高端發(fā)展,起到了政策引領(lǐng)作用,各地方政府都在積極發(fā)展高端裝備制造業(yè);二是有利于鼓勵企業(yè)加強自主創(chuàng)新,重視研發(fā),有效地推動了企業(yè)作為創(chuàng)新主體地位的盡快到位;三是有利于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的改造升級,對于傳統(tǒng)機械行業(yè)的節(jié)能節(jié)材,以及生產(chǎn)線的升級、產(chǎn)品的升級換代都具有很大的促進作用。而且,發(fā)展高端裝備制造,對于“十二五”時期我國裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展也具有巨大的帶動與引領(lǐng)作用。

  從戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所涵蓋的重點領(lǐng)域看,節(jié)能環(huán)保、新一代信息技術(shù)、生物、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車等產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,同樣離不開裝備的支撐。

  比如,在新能源領(lǐng)域,核能、風能、太陽能、生物質(zhì)能,以及智能電網(wǎng),這些行業(yè)的發(fā)展都需要裝備支撐,新能源裝備的發(fā)展是這些行業(yè)做大做強的基礎。在節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)中,節(jié)能設備、環(huán)保設備的發(fā)展是實現(xiàn)節(jié)能環(huán)保的基礎條件。

  可以看出,在戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所包含的七大產(chǎn)業(yè)中,其他六個產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展都離不開高端裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。高端裝備制造業(yè)是戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎,是支撐。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展離不開裝備制造業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。

  那么,高端裝備制造涵蓋哪些重點行業(yè)呢?屈賢明告訴記者,由于上述六大產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展都離不開裝備的支撐,其所需裝備的發(fā)展也都成為各自領(lǐng)域的重點。高端裝備制造所涵蓋的領(lǐng)域主要包括:航空裝備、衛(wèi)星及其應用產(chǎn)業(yè)、軌道交通裝備、海洋工程裝備、智能制造裝備等。

  需要著重強調(diào)的是,上述這些產(chǎn)業(yè)都具有技術(shù)密集、附加值高、帶動作用強的特點,是裝備制造業(yè)的高端部分,而且都屬于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。而傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)則不能劃入其中。例如,百萬千瓦超超臨界發(fā)電機組,雖然也屬于制造業(yè)的高端部分,但它屬于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),因此不能被列入高端裝備制造重點發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域中。

  智能制造裝備帶動傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級

  在高端裝備制造的各領(lǐng)域中,智能制造裝備尚屬比較新的概念,也是備受關(guān)注的領(lǐng)域。屈賢明在接受記者采訪時,對智能制造裝備的定義及所涵蓋的重點領(lǐng)域做了全面解讀。

  智能制造裝備的定義是:具有感知、分析、推理、決策、控制功能的制造裝備,它是先進制造技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)和智能技術(shù)的集成和深度融合。

  智能制造裝備發(fā)展主要內(nèi)容包括:重點推進高檔數(shù)控機床與基礎制造裝備,自動化成套生產(chǎn)線,智能控制系統(tǒng),精密和智能儀器儀表與試驗設備,關(guān)鍵基礎零部件、元器件及通用部件,智能專用裝備的發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程自動化、智能化、精密化、綠色化,帶動工業(yè)整體技術(shù)水平的提升。

  例如,在精密和智能儀器儀表與試驗設備領(lǐng)域,要針對生物、節(jié)能環(huán)保、石油化工等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需要,重點發(fā)展智能化壓力、流量、物位、成分、材料、力學性能等精密儀器儀表和科學儀器及環(huán)境、安全和國防特種檢測儀器。

  在關(guān)鍵基礎零部件、元器件及通用部件領(lǐng)域,要重點發(fā)展高參數(shù)、高精密和高可靠性軸承、液壓/氣動/密封元件、齒輪傳動裝置及大型、精密、復雜、長壽命模具等。

  在智能專用裝備領(lǐng)域,要重點發(fā)展新一代大型電力和電網(wǎng)裝備,機器人產(chǎn)業(yè),全斷面掘進機、快速集成柔性施工裝備等智能化大型施工機械,以及大型先進高效智能化農(nóng)業(yè)機械等。

  此外,還要以大飛機、支線飛機及通用飛機為應用對象,采用飛機制造、機床制造和材料生產(chǎn)企業(yè)相結(jié)合,重點發(fā)展復合材料制備裝備、自動輔帶/輔絲設備、構(gòu)件加工機床、超聲加工/高壓水切割設備等。

  按照初步設想,智能制造裝備的發(fā)展目標是:到2015年,銷售收入達到1萬億元,國民經(jīng)濟重點產(chǎn)業(yè)所需高端智能裝備及基礎制造裝備國內(nèi)市場占有率達到50%,形成若干產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模達到500億元的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū),培育一大批專、精、特企業(yè)。到2020年,智能制造裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)銷售收入達到2萬億元,國內(nèi)市場占有率達到70%,形成一批具有國際競爭力的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū)和大型企業(yè),智能制造裝備整體水平進入國際先進行列。


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